The Dynamics of a High Mach Number Quasi-Perpendicular Shock: MMS Observations Typeset using L A TEX default style in AASTeX63 , a parameter regime which has not been well explored by numerical models. Our observations indicate that although shock reformation occurs, the main shock layer never disappears. The nonstationary bow shock shows signatures of both reformation and surface ripples. They can transform into proto-shocks that propagate at small angles to the magnetic field and towards the bow shock. Our analyses show that reflected ions create modest magnetic enhancements upstream of the shock which evolve in a nonlinear manner as they traverse the shock foot. We find that the shock dynamics are mostly driven by reflected ions, perturbations that they generate, and nonlinear amplification of the perturbations. ![]() ) shock utilizing multipoint measurements from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft during a crossing of Earth's quasi-perpendicular bow shock. We present our analysis of a high Alfvén Mach number ( Shock parameters at Earth's bow shock in rare instances can approach the Mach numbers predicted at supernova remnants.
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